JoNova
A science presenter, writer, speaker & former TV host; author of The Skeptic's Handbook (over 200,000 copies distributed & available in 15 languages).
Jo appreciates your support to help her keep doing what she does. This blog is funded by donations. Thanks!
Follow Jo's Tweets To report "lost" comments or defamatory and offensive remarks, email the moderators at: support.jonova AT proton.me
Statistics
The Arctic has been very cold, setting many records we never hear about.
https://www.cfact.org/2026/06/29/but-the-big-story-on-action-news-weather-is-the-arctic/
120
It’s more accurate to say part of the Arctic is slightly colder than average. That does seem to be unusual in the short record period they have. Regardless, the summer melt is still proceeding pretty much on the same trend as last year.
https://climatereanalyzer.org/clim/t2_daily/?dm_id=arctic
20
What the data shows is that it is not quite as hot for this time of year. It was still warmer this year in January than last year.
SC25 peaked in August 2024. Solar activity is now declining so sea ice melt not quite as aggressive as the past 4 or 5 years.
If I wanted to spin the observation into the Global Warming fairy tale, I would say that it reflects increased calving along the Arctic Ocean coastline resulting in anomalous cooling along the shoreline. That is actually what has occurred:
https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/ocean/surface/currents/overlay=sea_surface_temp_anomaly/orthographic=-101.54,96.42,446/loc=-136.998,70.590
Ice is the elephant in the room when it comes to climate. It sets the bottom limit of ocean water to -1.7C and the upper sustainable limit to 30C. It can be stored on land for later use. It does not melt above 5000m anywhere on the globe. Work out how ice behaves on water, on land and in the atmosphere and you begin to understand a key climate control. Ice is why the summer temperature anomaly in the article is a flat line.
50
More woke insanity.
It’s not only Once Great Britain that want to ban air conditioning, France does too.
As Australia always scours the world first the very worst ideas, expect it to come to Australia as well. But let’s start with Government buildings full of the public serpents and politicians who dream up these ideas, or at least copy them from others.
180
Also see Climate Depot comments.
70
Germany too.
https://www.ad-hoc-news.de/boerse/news/ueberblick/german-hospitals-trigger-disaster-protocols-as-heatwave-overwhelms-wards/69643142
This story is flat-out mind-boggling. They’ve got hospitals with operating theaters and recovery rooms clocking in at ambient temperatures over 40 C. How in the heck is a doctor supposed to perform open heart surgery while sweating his ass off in a 40 C room? Or a critical patient supposed to recover from surgery in the same environment? They’re even issuing ‘cooling vests’ to the staff, which basically look like a vest with ice packs sewn on to it.
https://x.com/Tablesalt13/status/2070558215486546101
And these aren’t historical hospitals that are protected by building codes. The Dusseldorf hospital mentioned in that tweet is only 15 years old. Why in the world would you build a brand spanking new hospital in the 2010s without installing central air conditioning? Hundreds of thousands of lives are lost every year across Europe to excess heat deaths that could have been prevented by installing AC.
Europe loses significantly more lives to excess heat deaths every year than America loses to guns. Given the choice between guns and AC versus no guns or AC, give me the boomstick and a frigid living room.
https://fortune.com/2026/06/26/heat-death-europe-ac-american-gun-violence-climate-change-hot-summer/
110
Eurocrats would rather old and infirmed people die than give up on their idiotic green crusade.
YOU are the carbon they want to reduce. The fewer serfs around to point out the Emperor has no clothes, the better.
150
During the hot 2003 summer in Europe, it amazed me that the shopping centres in Germany didn’t have air conditioning, so after a period of hot weather, were over 30 degrees inside. My apartment never fell below 28C at night.
40
“Why in the world would you build a brand spanking new hospital in the 2010s without installing central air conditioning?”
Because these buildings are designed by accountants. I have been taking a relative to a purpose built rehabilitation centre, built about five years ago. Happens to be on a moderately steep grade, no parking space included so people have to find on street parking and walk possibly quite long distances either up or down hill to get in a building designed to rehabilitate people with all sorts of physically constraining conditions. Maybe the “walk” is seen as part of the programme, alright if you have functioning legs I suppose.
80
What is the average temperature if you add the currently very low Arctic temperature and the currently high temperature in Europe then divide by two. Presumably that is what the powers that be do to get their global averages. If they don’t like the result they try somewhere else to see if it fits their narrative. /S
142
There is a bar chart at the link.
The text of the chart reads:
Gosh, you don’t think its due to Europe’s aversion to air conditioning and energy in general do you?
And even though Australia has a similar aversion to energy, no politician (yet) dares to ban it. Even wokesters like to be cool, temperature wise. In fact, most of them would be too physically and mentally feeble to tolerate the hardship of heat.
Wokeness kills.
220
Great graph.
It cannot be excess humidity which most tourists in Europe complain about, as that happens elsewhere.
And Europe has many places where temperatures can be high (in summer).
My guess is that years ago lots of Europeans migrated elsewhere and “went native” partly from wanting a better life (including some relief from current dictatorial rules).
The rest just accepted the dictatorial rules from various churches, followed by various dictatorships, followed by the EU bureaucrats and failed to see anyway out.
And I supposed that our bureaucrats in air-conditioned dwellings will want to increase death rates to match European ones e.g. by making electricity expensive and unreliable.
60
This is a link to my latest article that examines how tropical sunshine has been increasing since 1255AD. It has high spatial resolution with one degree intervals from 30S to 30N and high temporal resolution with daily average sunshine.
Increased solar energy increases tropical atmospheric water and poleward heat advection in both hemispheres.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c0bJhWtLU_rEhEAft2umh4AZFOhyvRDv/view?usp=sharing
I am interested in comments and any AI reviews, particularly Grok.
50
FWIW
An item that probably wasn’t on “Their ABC”‘s bingo card
“EXCESSIVELY ENTHUSIASTIC☙ Monday, June 29, 2026 ☙ C&C NEWS
A 224-page government report, a cross-eyed preacher, a tarot reader who burned the deck, and a movement that seems unstoppable. We may be one step from something we haven’t seen in 300 years.”
“Good morning, C&C, it’s Monday! Your enthusiastic roundup includes: a 224-page government report that may be the most consequential document for American Christians since the First Amendment itself; the colorful family tree of the man suing to stop it; a cross-eyed English innkeeper’s son who changed the world while Harvard called him names; a WitchTok tarot reader who burned the deck and found something better; and Joe Rogan, sitting in a pew, asking questions that 30 million people are now asking along with him.”
More at
https://open.substack.com/pub/coffeeandcovid/p/excessively-enthusiastic-monday-june?
91
Hmmm!
And Putin restoring Orthodox churches in Russia
A potential “nother pandemic” for the “beaters”?
30
Rick,
Re So 1255 simply represents the most likely year that the trend in tropical solar energy reached
an inflection.
In 1255 the Equator was close to the furthest it will be in this cycle from the Sun when the Sun
is directly overhead
How was the bolded worked out?
30
Orbital Mechanics.
It’s a pretty well sorted out science at this point.
20
Perihelion in 1255 occurred when zenith angle was over 23.52S. In day 80 of 1255 when the sun crossed the Equator (see Chart2), the distance to the sun had increased to the maximum it will be in the present cycle. In fact, the distance was almost the same on day 267 of 1255 because the solar intensity was close to the same on both days. The Equatorial solar intensity shows two near symmetrical peaks.
As the years progress, the zenith of the sun tracks north at perihelion. By 2024, zenith at perihelion was over 22.89S. That meant there were fewer days till the zenith was over the Equator so the distance from the Sun had not increased as much as it did in 1255. The annual solar intensity over the Equator no longer has the symmetry it had in 1255. The first peak on day 69 is now higher than the second peak on day 279.
The part of the title “Closer to the Fire” is in the sense of the tropical region getting closer to the Sun as the zenith at perihelion moves more directly over the entire tropical region as precession advances. In 1255, the Zenith at perihelion was as far south as it gets before it starts the precession driven march toward the Zenith at perihelion being over the Equator in the 7th millennium. Obliquity is reducing so that also concentrates more sunlight over the tropics.
20
Thanks
00
Collapse of the Labor Party?
Thank you for introducing me to Jeff Childers (I now subscribe). He has been predicting a collapse of the Democrat party in the USA for some time now.
Another author with a similar view is James Howard Kunstler.
https://www.kunstler.com/
The reason they expect a collapse is because the socialist left has infiltrated the party and caused it to move further toward out right communism. The mayor of New York (Mamdami) is the leader of this trend and now New Yorkers have elected another 3 councillors with the same view.
Childers and Kunstsler both argue that communism is ultimately unacceptable to Americans and will fai but it in the meantime the socialists are taking seats from mainstream democrats, both states and federally making the Democrat message even more extreme.
The driver for these changes is the rise of conservatism lead by President Trump.
So I am wondering if the Australian Labor party is going the same way. The signs are not as obvious but our Labor party seems to be more socialist than ever and increasingly less pragmatic.
Labor is partly saved by the Greens, where the real rancid commies go. However Labor cannot easily jettison the Greens right now.
41
During 2006 an article in The Bulletin Magazine about the then recent appointment of Kevin Rudd as Labor Opposition Leader and Julia Gillard as Deputy Leader references were made to the ambitions of the Union Movement and objective to create one alliance party that would be a permanent governing party Federal and States. Today the Greens and Teals most often support Labor and the Union Movement members donate to them and even provide the Australian Workers Union (AWU) established activist organisation GetUp to help with election campaigning and other promotions.
30
Somewhere here in the archives there are comments and references to the website – stopturnbull.com – that is no longer accessible, I posted the link a few times.
As most here are aware Prime Minister Turnbull was in that position for three years from 2015 to 2018 and after being replaced by Prime Minister Morrison he resigned from Parliament and forced a by election in the electorate of Wentworth. The rise and fall of his LINO left faction was observed from soon after the Howard Liberal National Coalition Government was defeated by Labor led by Opposition Leader Rudd.
The stopturnbull website contained many stories and links regarding the timeline of history from school student period. His ambitions included political more related to the Labor left than Liberal National centre right. And he also had an objective to create an all powerful governing party of alliances. Former and now deceased Labor identity Graham “Richo” Richardson once confirmed when asked that Malcolm Turnbull had approached the Labor Party about becoming a candidate for election to Parliament, Labor apparently did not believe his background was appropriate for a Labor MP.
Carefully study the many indicators from Labor in government and obviously working hard to increase the population (Rudd Labor started with their Big Australia plan 2007-2013), social welfare dependence, public education system indoctrination for children, electoral bribes funded by taxpayers, and so on.
11
Back around the time of Turncoat managing to weasel his way into the Leader of the Opposition job I had very active member of the NSW ALP left faction straight out say to me that the Socialist Left faction of Labor had been actively trying to insert members into the Liberal Party and that Turncoat was prime example.
I’ll give you Matt Kean in NSW and John Persutto in Victoria as other outstanding examples.
20
The Australian right is failing to gain traction.
https://theconversation.com/two-new-polls-show-drop-in-support-for-one-nation-and-the-coalition-286250
‘ … move further toward out right communism.’
I suspect the Democrats will distance themselves from the DSA, but they in turn will modify their platform to win seats. They are first and foremost career politicians.
10
FWIW
“Late Start To Greenland’s Summer Melt”
“While we have been sizzling this week under a superdome of high pressure, somewhere else has to get the other side of the coin – cyclonic weather.
And that somewhere is Greenland.”
More at
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2026/06/29/late-start-to-greenlands-summer-melt/
61
Greenland blocking is a natural variable over decadal time spans and ‘is highly correlated with the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant pattern of climate variability in the North Atlantic.’
‘However, summer NAO shows different temporal variation in June in comparison with later summer months.
‘The results show that spatial patterns of Greenland blocking are similar between July and August but are distinctly different in June. In particular, Greenland blocking in June is strongly related to cyclonic wave breaking over the eastern Atlantic.’ (authors unknown)
21
My YT feed is dominated by conservatives, that’s how I like it. These Right Wing Extremists™ say that world cup visitors have had a ball in the states (even the Scots), that they were made welcome.
If true the effort and money to stage the tournament was well spent, in spite of some ticketing problems my son (a lefty) reminds me of. Have our American friends found this to be so?
50
It’s not a lefty versus righty thing.
World Cup fans are having a blast in medium sized conservative towns/suburbs in flyover country as well as lefty metropolises on the coasts. The eclectic foods, the giant portion sizes, the big box stores, and the outlandish scale of all things American (particularly national parks that are larger than some of their countries), have made an impression. But none more so than the positivity and openness of Americans of all political stripes making an effort to ensure they have a good time. ‘Normie’ Americans who don’t eat, sleep and crap politics 24/7/365 are proud of their country and want to show it off in a good light. and they massively outnumber the miserable plods who have made politics their whole identity.
130
My wife has watched the antics of the soccer fans for hours on her FB feed. She is very impressed with the Scots, the Dutch and Norwegians. The Scots reportedly drank Boston dry. The Scots with their bagpipes are hard to top.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/hqD0wkYup5A
She likes the Norwegian rowers as well:
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/WUIZ2ADf8xI
The Dutch are probably the most impressive in number and coordination with their Links Rechts:
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-wppumEcuPU
I saw on TV that the Aussie fans had a police cycle escort on their march to the grounds in Santa Clara. Not visible in this clip that is further back in the crowd.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbv0lrmjDqU
It looks like an enormous party that must be bringing billions into the North American economy.
This world cup shows the power of social media to organise crowds. This world cup is an enormous spectacle with some good moments of football thrown in. It puts USA and Canada in a good light.
70
“It looks like an enormous party that must be bringing billions into the North American economy.”
I wonder what Victoria could try to host that actually makes a profit rather than “undisclosed” commercial in confidence agreements that cost the tax payers.
40
Might be just as well you don’t have thousands of Kiwis:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lt6GRghrmaU
20
That would be a real spectacle for a football crowd.
The one memory of the one Kiwi match I watched was the ball skill of Elijah Just. He would be a match for the top four Japanese players.
I would be surprised if Just does not have another big increase in his trade price. His ball skills are world class.
20
H
IIRC there were some blue state and city pricing problems that hsd to be jerked back into levels of reality
40
One of the interesting aspects of this World Cup is the involvement of Ange Potocoglau in the development of current players. Around 20 of the players have been coached by Ange at club level.
So it is fair to say that one Australian coach is world class.
I think Tony Popovic has Australia a better defensive side that is doing OK on counterattack. It would have been tough for Turkey to have their possession advantage and yet go down to Australia. The remind of Italy a few World Cups ago.
10
FWIW
QANTAS better do a “diplomatic protest”!
Check the headline photo – credited to “Deportation Flight via Wikipedia”
“83% of French Back Deporting Criminal and Long-Term Unemployed Foreigners as Remigration Debate Goes Mainstream”
https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/06/83-french-back-deporting-criminal-long-term-unemployed/
60
Holy flying kangaroos, Crocman!
Next port of call Sydneystan? Youse fellas barely speak English let alone French. Au revoir 👋
/ tic
30
Citizen Vigilante should terrify western governments
Director Uwe Boll just released a movie that is ticking off all the right people. Called Citizen Vigilante, it is an unapologetic rejection of globalism, mass migration, Islamic conquest, and “woke” leftism. The movie bashes politicians, judges, NGOs, and law enforcement agencies that have bent over backwards to excuse inexcusable crimes committed by non-Western immigrants. It unequivocally demands a return to law and order.
https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2026/06/citizen-vigilante-should-terrify-western-governments/
Elon released it free for 48 hours, and I’m sure you all got it while you could. 😉
How long before it all snaps?
61
I watched the movie last night on YouTube, while it won’t win any accolades for movie brilliance, in general it certainly frames it’s message pretty clearly.
One of the main messages being that it’s up to THE PUBLIC, to reclaim their rights, safety, laws and country from corrupt, traitorous politicians, judges and invaders.
[Misspelling in email sent your comment to the bin. Fixed it. – LVA]
31
FWIW
One explanation for the European heat wave
https://x.com/DrewVento/status/2071596762284871693
70
A most excellent cartoon.
Yet it fails to address that age-old conundrum:
Why is Iceland green and Greenland covered in ice?
I’ll hazard a guess: is it Carbon?
80
FWIW
Re USA and the DSA
“BELIEVE THE DSA WHEN THEY TELL YOU WHO THEY REALLY ARE: And what they really are becomes more obvious with every word from their multiple mouths. Plus, they have a new platform, Issues & Insights (I&I, quoting City Journal, tells us:”
https://instapundit.com/806963/#disqus_thread
20
The DSA don’t hold the guns, they are firmly in the hands of the capitalist oligarchs and their political running dogs.
Its the under 30s who will go out in droves to vote and in a country without compulsory voting, be very afraid.
05
‘ … the party is “rushing into communism.”
No, realpolitik rules, they will only contest those seats which they have a chance of winning. Overcoming big brother will be no easy task.
01
83% of French back deporting criminal and long-term unemployed foreigners as remigration debate goes mainstream
A new CSA poll shows that 83 percent of French people—including as many as 90 percent of young French adults—support deporting certain categories of foreigners already living in France, including delinquents, criminals and the long-term unemployed.
This polling data isn’t representative of some kind of passing mood. It is a national verdict on decades of mass immigration, failed integration and political cowardice from an establishment that has treated France as a dumping ground for the rest of the world, particularly the third-world.
https://www.domigood.com/2026/06/83-of-french-back-deporting-criminal.html
Don’t want to fit in, respect the laws, beliefs and customs of the host country, then you go home. Bye!😁
100
FWIW
California maintaining its reputation –
“California Dems Solve a Fictional Water Crisis by Taxing Wine”
https://pjmedia.com/vodkapundit/2026/06/29/california-dems-solve-a-fictional-water-crisis-by-taxing-wine-n4954475
41
FWIW
“The Left Asked for This, It Got It, and I Can’t Stop Gloating”
https://pjmedia.com/aj-christopher/2026/06/29/the-left-asked-this-they-got-it-and-i-cant-stop-gloating-n4954488
I guess that would be an “own goal”?
20
I wrote above that the Football World Cup has been an endless party. It puts North America in a very good light.
Trump’s America might actually be a great place to live.
31
Unless you have TDS….
Most of them are like vegans… they must tell you about it
10
I’m an American.
Even worse a Southern White Heterosexual American.
All my ancestors were here before the Revolution and none ever owned slaves.
All the military age males went and pounded ground on what ever ground they were sent to pound.
Most of the small town South I grew up in is a decaying wasteland.
Those that aren’t are elitist urban bedroom community collections of designer homes.
And Yankee retirees.
I think European soccer fans never saw much of America.
Just the cities where there are big stadiums.
The World Cup story reads like like another media generated narrative, generated for some temporary or longer arching propagandistic purpose of which I have no idea.
Like Pandemic and UAPs.
As one of the pick up driving macho ready to become a Green Beret youth, I was taught to be ready to fight the evil Commies “de oppresso liber”.
Who won the Cold War?
Looks to me like Global Commie Tech WEF world savers.
Global elite capitalism with Maoist social control.
‘Elections’ in my Blue state are a joke.
Any Republican that runs is just wasting money.
(I actually believe that any of the occasional Republican candidates are funded by liberal elites to just to maintain the facade.)
SCOTUS just made this permanent.
And decision that will result in the demise of their own institution.
Along with other institutions.
The Western elite have inbred themselves to the cultural suicide point of being void of self awareness
That have all functioned for 50 years to turn the kids into Communists.
It worked.
Odd that the elite Republicans and Democrats in the DC city state don’t see that they’ve anachronized themselves.
All that remains is the MAGA hinterland and the urban trans Communists.
The two are unlikely to reach an agreement.
30
Nothing is permanent in politics.
California used to be a red state. The south used to be a blue bastion. Ohio and Florida used to be the ultimate swing states that decided elections, but they have turned ruby red in the past decade. Black voters used to be die-hard Republicans, then the became die-hard Democrats, and now they seem to be becoming a bit less monolithic in their voting behavior (particularly black men).
Everything changes sooner or later.
10
The population dispersed hinterland has no chance in a mail-ballot game.
Victory to the urban elite, just like the last civil war.
30
“All that remains is the MAGA hinterland and the urban trans Communists.”
Ah, you’re talking about the Big 4 capital cities and the rest of the country in Australia.. More or less, each side of The Great Dividing Range.
10
Ain’t that the truth. The cultural and ideology divide between city dwellers and regions is becoming huge, the biggest issue as commentators such as Topher Field have shown, the population growth in the city electorate areas is outpacing all regional areas, so even if regions get a clear majority vote for conservative parties in regions, as long as the metro area electorates Commies get a slight majority, they will always win.
That why groups like this one get developed.
https://rexit.au/
10
Goodness this is a bit of a shame. I hope they haven’t blown up their more robust generators.
https://www.zerohedge.com/weather/unbelievable-damage-131-mph-windstorm-snaps-wind-turbines-half-across-south-dakota
20
Since the TRUMP Administration is pro-energy, I wonder if there is any point at all in them replacing them as TRUMP has eliminated taxpayer subsidies so no federal subsidies to harvest but there might be state ones.
20
Here is a Gulag AI summary of TRUMP’s withdrawal of wind and solar subsidies.
10
DM
Re the buyouts
IIRC they have to reinvest that money in “sensible energy” too
10
Once again “where are the engineers?’
Who would have thunk that building wind turbines in a tornado prone area would result in tower failure. Not an area where high winds are unusual. Sadly I cannot think why any type of structure, specially one designed to catch wind, wouldn’t be engineered for what are affectionally know as one in a hundred year events.
50
Sadly, it appears it was only 20 or so turbines out of 90 in total damaged. It’s stated as a 250MW capacity farm using 2.72MW turbines. They’ll probably just remove the damaged ones and keep the rest going as is.
11
FWIW – lessons
“America Didn’t Lose Its Tradesmen by Accident”
https://hotair.com/headlines/2026/06/29/america-didnt-lose-its-tradesmen-by-accident-n3816422
20
Is that different to the experience in Australia?
The Whitlam Labor period and free university education recommended best career pathway, not trades at TAFE.
During the 1990s I remember the Howard Liberal National Coalition Government threatened to establish Federal TAFE Colleges because the States, particularly NSW and VIC, were running State TAFE down, reducing the number of premises and classrooms. I know trades people who were apprentices at that time and suffered the results of being moved to different locations for new terms.
And look where that ended up today, a severe shortage of trades people resulting in high wages and charges, if services are available in your area. And the Building & Construction Industry unable to cope with public and private sector projects, unions causing public works to well exceed estimated project costs, etc. And immigration intake record high levels adding to the many problems, mostly State responsibilities.
Immigration Intake
2000-2007 Coalition average intake 125,800
2007-2013 Labor average intake 259,000 (Big Australia policy)
2013-2022 Coalition average intake 168,700
2022-2025 Labor average intake 424,300 (record high intake)
Australia is in the same position.
50
I read recently the Albanese Labor government since in power have cut 266 million from Apprenticeship programs. As you alluded to it started with Whitlam but the decline really accelerated under the Hawke/Keating era and was continued under both Liberal and Labor since.
I completed my apprenticeship in the early 90s, walking strait into Keating’s recession and joining job ques that also had thousands of ex S.E.C tradies looking for work. 7 years of part time /short term gigs in recession hit Victoria and I eventually moved interstate to find work.
10
Recall that in the USA (and NZ apparently) you still have permission to work on your own home electrical and plumbing systems.
Is it still technically illegal to re-wire a electrical desk light in Australia ?
20
https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/donald-trump-right-to-repair-vehicles/2026/06/29/id/1261243/
President Donald Trump signed a memorandum on Monday supporting Americans’ ability to repair their own vehicles.
While Americans are generally free to repair their own vehicles, federal law prohibits tampering with emissions-control systems, and automakers have long restricted independent mechanics’ access to diagnostic software, repair information, and specialized tools.
00
The date of the Melbourne ACCESS workshop is now 19th to 21st of August.
https://www.access-nri.org.au/access-workshop-2026-connecting-machine-learning-to-earth-system-science/
Registration is $150. The agenda looks good because it questions problems with the existing science. Typically that will get a fair lunch and tea breaks plus heated venue.
Registrations close July 31st.
I thought they may cancel given that they have lost half their modellers in the ACCESS modelling team.
I have no intention of presenting but I am interested to see the ground they cover.
This was the email exchange that I have from CSIRO:
You refer in your email to the ‘thermostat hypothesis’, proposed by Ramanathan and Collins (1991), in which observations of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) capping at ~303K are explained via a physical process of deep cloud formation, sometimes interpreted as a regulated SST limit.
This hypothesis has since been rebutted by a number of studies, including Wallace (1992; https://www.nature.com/articles/357230a0), Sud et al. (2008; https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/su09000a.html), Williams, Pierrehumbert, & Huber (2009; https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2009GL039849), Johnson & Xie (2010; https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo1008), and Miller (2012; https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abs/mi09610i.html). These papers indicate that the onset of deep convection and related cloud feedbacks (the mechanism that contributes to form maximum SST values, such as those observed by Argo buoys) are driven by the tropospheric state, and that observed tropical SST maxima are not universal limits but rather a function of the global climate (see Williams, Pierrehumbert, & Huber, 2009). In warmer climates, such as those simulated with ACCESS and other global climate models, this SST threshold increases.
The maximum monthly mean Nino4 SST in the ACCESS-CM2 SSP5-8.5 simulation to 2100 (the highest emission case) is approximately 307 K. Almost all CMIP6 models simulate a maximum in the range of 305 – 308 K, and the ACCESS-CM2 value is close to the median of available models.
I would like to extract an apology for them being wrong on this matter and misleading the Australian public. That will be easier if I know who I am dealing with.
40
Atmospheric river.
‘A vast rainband crossing eastern Australia has delivered widespread heavy rain, heaviest in northern and central Victoria, with Bendigo receiving 49.2 mm, its wettest June day since 1898.
‘The rainband stretches all the way from Queensland to Tasmania. Other rainfall totals of note from this system in the 24 hours to 9 am Tuesday included.’ (Weatherzone)
30
More bad changes in Victoria, this time at Melbourne Airport.
Melbourne Airport (Tullamarine) is badly enough designed as it is, this will make things so much worse – having to add an extra 30 mins to travel time? Insane!
60
How to write different characters, for example €, ä or even 🎄?
U+00B1 ± PLUS-MINUS SIGN
‘U’ here means unicode. There are also other ways to produce all kinds of characters. With unicode system you first need to toggle to ‘unicodestate’. Here is how.
1. Press simultaneously CTRL+SHIFT+U (‘U’ does NOT need to be uppercase!) —> underlined ‘u’ appears.
2. Write 00b1 (Note again, no need for uppercase ‘B’!)
3. Toggle out from ‘unicodestate’ by pressing CTRL+SHIFT —> ± appears and underlined ‘u’ disappears.
Some useful characters:
\U+2103 —> 37,0℃
\U+2109 —> 0,0℉
\U+20AC —> 10000€
\U+00a5 —> 10000¥
\U+00B2 —> km²
\U+00B3 —> cm³
\U+2082 —> H₂O
And finally Ä, ä, Ö and ö
Ä U+00C4
ä U+00E4
Ö U+00D6
ö U+00F6
Backslash is missing but don’t let that confuse you, it is just another way to express the same thing.
00